Kingfisher

Kingfishers are a cluster of little to medium-sized, brightly coloured birds in the animal order. They have a cosmopolitan distribution, with most species found outside of the  countries. The group is treated either as a single family, the Alcedinidae, or as a suborder Alcedines containing  , Alcedinidae (river kingfishers), Halcyonidae (tree kingfishers), and Cerylidae  kingfishers. Roughly 90 species of kingfishers ar delineated . All have large heads, long, sharp, pointed bills. Most species have bright plumage with few variations between the sexes. Most species are tropical  and a slight majority are found solely in forests. They consume a wide range of prey, as well as fish. While kingfishers usually tunnels mamma into the natural or artificial. A  species, principally insular forms, are vulnerable with extinction.Kingfisher normally refers to the common coraciiform bird.The taxonomy of the three families is complicated and rather debatable.

The kingfishers was treated as a family, the Alcedinidae, with three subfamilies, but following the Nineties revolution in bird taxonomy, the three former subfamilies are currently  elevated to familial level.  DNA–DNA interbreeding studies, but challenged on the grounds that all 3 teams ar monophyletic with reference to the opposite animal order. This leads to them being grouped because the taxon Alcedines.

The  kingfisher diversity is the Australasian region, but the cluster is not thought to own originated there. Instead, they evolved in the hemisphere and invaded the Australasian region variety of times. More recent fossil kingfishers are delineated  within the Miocene epoch rocks of Australia. Several fossil birds have been mistakenly ascribed to the kingfishers, including from the Lower Eocene rocks in Kent, which has additionally been thought of a gull, but is currently thought to have been a member of Associate in Nursing extinct family.[2]

Amongst the three families, the Alcedinidae ar basal to the alternative 2 families. The few species found in the Nepal, kingfisher are distributed illustration in the occident resulted from simply 2 original colonising species. The family are split from the Halcyonidae, diversifying in the Old World as recently because the Miocene . They are vulnerable by surround by forest clearance. The kingfisher of French Polynesia is listed as critically vulnerable as a result of a mixture of surround loss and degradation caused by introduced cows, and possibly due to predation by introduced species.[6]